You tan cardiovascular health: What risk factors should we take into account to intervene?
Description
Background: Acute myocardial infarction is currently the leading cause of early mortality worldwide, with an increase in the incidence and prevalence of this entity in recent years among younger people, specifically, those under 40 years of age. The presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in young adults has the same prediction of mortality from atherosclerotic coronary artery disease compared to older adults. Methods: A non-systematic review of the literature was carried out, using search terms such as "Cardiovascular Risk" and "Youth", as well as synonyms, which were combined with the operators "AND" and "OR", in the databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, EBSCO, and MEDLINE. Results: It is necessary to recognize and mitigate the presence of risk factors in young adults in a systematic and precise manner, not only focusing on the group of traditional factors (smoking, dyslipidemia, central obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemic/hypersodic diet, irregular or no physical activity), of which smoking and dyslipidemia have shown the greatest negative impact, but also emerging factors (chronic stress, consumption of energy drinks, consumption of psychoactive substances), the most important of which is the consumption of psychoactive substances, with cocaine as a key factor. Conclusions: The fact that cardiometabolic diseases are disproportionately increasing in incidence, presenting at younger and younger ages, makes it necessary to change the actual approach observed in day-to-day clinical practice.